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General Sir James (Wolfe) Murray (13 March 1853 – 17 October 1919) was a British Army officer who served in the Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War, Second Boer War and World War I. He became Chief of the Imperial General Staff three months after the start of World War I, but was ineffectual and was replaced in September 1915 following the failure of the Dardanelles campaign. ==Military career== Born the son of James Wolfe Murray (1814–1890) and Elizabeth Charlotte Murray (née Whyte-Melville) and educated at Trinity College, Glenalmond, Harrow School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Murray was commissioned into the Royal Artillery on 12 September 1872. He was promoted to captain on 1 November 1881. After attending Staff College, Camberley he became Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster-General in Northern England January 1884.〔 He went on to be Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster-General in the Intelligence Branch at Headquarters of the Army on 1 June 1884, Deputy Assistant-Quartermaster General in the Intelligence Branch on 31 August 1884 and Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General (with responsibility for intelligence on Russia, Central and South Asia and the Far East) on 1 June 1887. Promoted to major in January 1889〔 he was appointed a special service officer at Headquarters in April 1892 and then Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General for Instruction at Aldershot on 10 January 1894. He saw action in the Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War in West Africa between November 1895 and February 1896 and was then transferred to India where he became Assistant Adjutant-General on 25 January 1898, receiving promotion to lieutenant colonel on 31 March 1898. He was appointed Assistant Quartermaster General (in charge of intelligence) at Indian Headquarters on 25 March 1899. He served in the Second Boer War on the staff of the Commander, Lines of Communication in Natal with the local rank of colonel from 21 September 1899, of brigadier-general from 9 October 1899 and of major-general on 1 May 1900. He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 19 April 1901 in recognition of his services during the war. In May 1901 he returned to India to command a brigade, and received the temporary rank of brigadier-general whilst so employed. Promoted to the substantive rank of major-general on 1 January 1903,〔 he was made Quartermaster-General in India on 2 May 1903 and Master-General of the Ordnance at Army Headquarters in London on 12 February 1904. At this time the Esher Committee chaired by Lord Esher was proposing far reaching changes to the structure of the British Army including the creation of a "blue ribbon" elite drawn strictly from the General Staff to the exclusion of Administrative Staff: Murray strongly opposed this aspect of the proposals.〔 Appointed a deputy lieutenant of the County of Peebles on 25 February 1907, he became General Officer Commanding, 9th (Secunderabad) Division in India on 1 March 1907 and was promoted to lieutenant general on 1 April 1909. After serving as an army representative on a British delegation to Russia set up by Parliament in 1912,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sir James Wolfe-Murray )〕 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief at Scottish Command on 9 December 1913 and Commander-in-Chief in South Africa on 18 May 1914. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Wolfe-Murray」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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